雅思写作论证法

雅思写作主讲——Ming

写作七大论证方法：

（一）、举例论证(Exemplification)

用于事例加以说明,从而增加论证的说服力,同时也是增加字数的一种简单的方法.举例法常用连接词有：for example,for instance, take sth. for example, such as, like, to illustrate.

e.g. Animals are human’s companions. To illustrate, dolphins often rescue sailors from sinking ships.

 (二）、引用论证

引用“科学证据、研究成果、学术刊物、统计数据”

Sample ：员工和雇主能否都获益于“在家上班” 范文：There is some incontrovertible to suggest that both employees and employers can benefit a lot from the growing trend of telecommuting. According to a recent article published in the world-famous Nature Journal, while the average telecommuter can save a considerable portion of their travel expenses, it is estimated that their companies can cut operational costs by almost one third if 25% of the staff are allowed to work at home.

（三）、递进论证

To begin with → In the second place → Lastly

Sample 1：科学研究应由政府还是私人机构开展

There are many reasons for entrusting scientific research to the governments rather than private companies.

[支持 1]To begin with, many large-scale and long-term research projects require substantial funding that only national governments can afford.

[支持 2]In the second place, first-rate scientists who enjoy international reputation are largely concentrated in government-sponsored research institutions.

[支持 3]Lastly, since most private companies are profit-orientated, the findings and conclusions from their research are more likely to be skewed or biased and even represent the interests of a small group.

（四）、对比论证（Comparison and Contrast）

比较法: 通过对2个以上事物或者人物的对比对主题加以说明,对比法常用的连接词有:while, whereas, but, on the contrary, by contrast, in contrast, by comparison, yet, however.

（五）、因果认证(Cause and effect)

分为2个层面,一是先因后国,二是先果后因,因果法常用的连接词有:because, as, since, for, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, therefore, thus, hence, as a result, as a consequence, consequently.

（六）、指代法

思路：用词出现 this, that, these, those, it, they, such 等代词，与其他方法配合应用

模板 1：This is clearly shown in the following example: „.(从句) +举例法

题目 1：淡新闻报纸对人们思想的巨大影响→适用于传媒/网络类话题

范文 1：When it comes to how public opinion is formed, newspapers are unquestionably one of the strongest powers. This is clearly shown in the following example: many high school students in America who take the SAT are in the habit of citing articles from a wide variety of influential newspapers in their writing.

（七）Countradiction（反证法）

Topic Sentence:

Punctuality is important on every occasion.

Supporting Detail:

We can imagine what a disaster if a doctor is late for an operation. A person on time in doing

anything shows efficiency of his work and respect for others. On the other hand, failure to be

punctual is a sign of disrespect toward others. A person who is always late show selfishness and

thoughtlesssness, and he is not the person that most people would want for a friend. People who

are late usually make an excuse of the heavy traffic or getting up late. Actually they never try to

be on time and they don’t mind being waited for.